Your referring physician wants all four chambers of the heart, the heart valves, the blood vessels entering and leaving the heart, as well as the thin envelope around the heart assessed. This exam allows the doctors to visualize the anatomy, structure and function of the heart. With the help of the sonographer the interpreting physician assesses heart function and flows to determine acquired and congenital problems; if any. The causes for chest pain, effects of trauma, leaking heart valves, family history of cardiac conditions, following chronic conditions (e.g. kidney disease), and follow up after a surgical procedure are all reasons for having an echocardiogram.